MATTER

 Anything that has mass and occupies space is called matter.

We classify matter in two types:-

  1. Physical classification,
  2. Chemical classification.

1. PHYSICAL CLASSIFICATION:-

Classified  into three states;

  1. Solid
  2. Liquid
  3. Gas.

1. SOLID:-

Definite shape and volume,rigid and hard.
example:-Wood,table,copper rod,comman salt etc.


2. LIQUID:-

Definite volume but not definate shape.
example:- water,milk,oil etc.


3.  GASEOUS STATE:-

A gas neither possesses a definite volume nor a definite shape.
example:-Air, oxygen,hydrogen,CO2etc.


PARTICLE NATURE OF MATTER:

*Matter made up of particles.
*IN SOLIDS,the particles are closely packed and the empty spaces between the particles are very small.

Example:- Solid can have only vibratory motion.

*The regular oder arrangement of particles in solids is called lattice.

*The attractive forces among the particles called INTER PARTICLE FORCES are strong in solid.

*IN LIQUIDS, particles are loosely placed and empty spaces between them are relatively large.
    Attractive forces between them are relatively weak.

* IN GASES, very loosely packed and empty spaces between them are very large.

Movement is easy and fast.


CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER:-

1. PURE SUBSTANCES
2.MIXTURES.


PURE SUBSTANCES:

Pure substances are consist of single type of substances.

pure substances are further classified into two types:-

  1. Elements 
  2. Compounds.

Elements:-

The simplest form of a pure substances which can neither be decomposed into nor built form into simpler substances by ordinary physical or chemical methods.

Further classified into:-
Metals
non metals
compounds.

2.Compounds:-

A pure substance containing two or more than two elements combined togethar in a definite proportion by mass and which can be decomposed into it's  constituent elements by suitable chemical methods.


example:- water = hydrogen:oxygen = 1:8
                    CO2 = carbon:oxygen = 3:8

Compounds are further classified into:-
(a). Inorganic compounds
(b).  Organic compound.

Inorganic compounds are those which obtained from non living sources such as rockes, minerals.

example:- Comman salt, marble,washing soda etc.

Organic compounds are thode which obtained from living sources such as plants and animals.

All these contain carbon.

example:- Carbohydrates,oils, fats, waxes, protein.


MIXTURES:-

It is a simple combination of two or more substances in which the constituent substances retain their identities.

The substances present in a mixture is called components.

A combination of two or more elements or compounds in any proportion so that the components do not lose their identity.

Example:- sugar solution in water,air, tea.

Mixtures are of two types:-

(a) Homogenous mixtures,
(b) Heterogenous mixtures.

*Homogenous mixtures are called solutions.

*Heterogenous mixtures consist of two or more parts (called phases) which have different compositions.

THANKS FOR READING.



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