The tendency of an atom in a compound to attract shared electrons towards itself is known as electronegativity of an atom. Pauling gave an arbitrary scale to measure the electronegativity of different elements. This scale is based upon the calculation of bond energies, In this scale fluorine has the maximum value of electronegativity, i. e. 4.0. whereas noble gases have the minimum value, i. e. 0.0. On Mulliken scale, the average of ionization potential and electron affinity is known as electronegativity. In general, the smaller atoms as well as the atoms with nearly filled shells of electrons, attract electrons more than larger atoms and are, therefore, more electronegative. Determination of Electronegativity Pauling's scale: Pauling's scale of electronegativity is based upon the calculation of bond energies. He considered the formation of AB covalent molecule as: 1/2A2+1/2B2 → AB 1/2(A-A) +1/2 (B-B) → A-B According to Pauling, the bond dis...
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